A business angel is an individual who invests part of its heritage in an innovative company with potential and, in addition to money, makes available to the entrepreneur, his skills, experience, personal networks and some of his time.

” An individual “each business angel has a specific profile, but a large number of investors gather around three main profiles:

• the former business manager or executive who has accumulated some assets and is able to invest between 5000 and 200,000 euros per year
• the entrepreneur who previously founded his company, which has sold a few years later and can invest amounts between 50,000 and 500,000 euros . This type of business angels, though in smaller numbers, develops,
• member of a “family office” (a group of investors members of the same family).

” Part of its heritage “: investment in an innovative company in creating a generally involves very high risk: the very high risk is associated with a potential capital gain is very important.

” innovative potential “: The term” innovative “means in the sense of” what is new compared to the existing “. It is therefore not only technological innovation. Moreover, start-ups in the field of technological innovation represents only 5% of all creations. The majority of business angels investing in fields other than technology. However, indicates that OSEO innovation (technological or not) must provide a competitive advantage, the constraints on research and development are linked to the European directives for the State aid must be focused on intangible investments riskier and therefore the least likely to be financed by the private sector. In addition, holding a portfolio of patents is a vector of protection ( barrier to entry ) and recovery sought by the venture capitaliststhemselves. Today, the innovative convergence of existing technologies is well accepted as innovation in order to obtain public assistance, including those of OSEO .

Business Angels have always existed but have begun to emerge in large numbers in the U.S. in 1958. Tax measures grouped in the Small Business Investment Act, including the creation of the Subchapter S corporation contributed to this increase. In the expected patterns, U.S. lawmakers took note of the “equity gap” funding hole when a company seeks to move from a capital of less than $ 100,000, a sum that can meet with friends, cousins ​​and crazy (CCC) and venture capital whose interventions often start below $ 2 million for lack of profitability. This is the hole that seeks to bridge the SBI Act successfully. A study commissioned by the Department of Commerce in 1986-88 and covering 240.000 sample firms, nearly 35,000 investors, is probably the quantitative study statistically the strongest on the Angels. It shows that in 1988 there were 500,000 U.S. Angels, pouring about $ 60 billion annually on the creation and start-ups, about 10 times the risk capital of the time or the amounts invested by the SBA.

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